Etiquetas
libertad de expresion
Internet
freedom of expression
derechos humanos
human rights
Periodismo
Acceso a Informacion
right to privacy
derecho a la privacidad
Access to Information
Journalism
data protection
datos personales
copyright
derechos de autor
derecho a la cultura
democracia
Entrevistas
access to culture
salud
fake news
health
net neutrality
neuroderechos
publicidad oficial
tecnologías
zero rating
25/7/14
Entrevista en Infobae TV sobre absurdo proyecto en Argentina
Fuente: Infobae
Etiquetas:
Entrevistas,
Internet,
libertad de expresion
en Twitter @ebertoni. Eduardo Bertoni (Phd, Buenos Aires University) is currently the Representative of the Regional Office for South America of the Inter American Institute of Human Rights. He was the first Director of the Access to Public Information Agency (AAIP) wich is the Argentine Data Protection Authority. He was the founder and first Executive Director of the Center for Studies on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (CELE) at Palermo University School of Law, Argentina. Before returning to Argentina in 2009, he was the Executive Director of the Due Process of Law Foundation (DPLF) until May, 2006. Previously, he was the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights at the Organization of American States (2002-2005).
22/7/14
Entrevista con Gabriel Palumbo
en Twitter @ebertoni. Eduardo Bertoni (Phd, Buenos Aires University) is currently the Representative of the Regional Office for South America of the Inter American Institute of Human Rights. He was the first Director of the Access to Public Information Agency (AAIP) wich is the Argentine Data Protection Authority. He was the founder and first Executive Director of the Center for Studies on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (CELE) at Palermo University School of Law, Argentina. Before returning to Argentina in 2009, he was the Executive Director of the Due Process of Law Foundation (DPLF) until May, 2006. Previously, he was the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights at the Organization of American States (2002-2005).
11/7/14
El Greco, copyright, and access to culture*
I am not an art critic. Far from it. Just an
amateur who likes to visit museums or galleries that feature the works of
artists I enjoy or do not know. As such, while in Madrid, I stopped by the Museo
del Prado, where “El Greco & Modern Painting”
was being exhibited. It’s very possible that my academic obsessions informed
the way I studied the paintings and processed the explanations. And, in this
case, I found a direct line of argument between what was being shown and the
necessary reformulation of laws that regulate copyright. If with this
introduction I have provoked in you, reader, some intuitive sense of where I’m
going, I recommend that you continue reading this brief note.
Having mentioned that I’m not an art critic, and
in order to avoid any bad description of a rudimentary observer, I’ll take
advantage of the description that newspaper El País of Madrid published
on the exposition. It reads, “El Greco did not die in Toledo in 1614,
despite what books on the History of Art say. Like the ghost of Elvis in the
gas stations in Tennessee, the spirit of the Cretan painter could be seen
guiding Manet in the rooms of the Prado and in that initial trip to Madrid in
1865; it sat in the beer halls in Munich to spur on the members of the Blue
Rider group half a century later; or it appeared in the Long Island studio of
Pollock just in time for the foundational moment of action painting.”
In the same article, something else is explained
that anyone who sees the exhibit can confirm: “On occasion […] the influence
is so palpable that what is lacking one of those ingenious systems that permits
passing from one piece to the other drawing back an invisible lace curtain: the
astonishing couples formed by The
Nobleman with his Hand on his Chest and a portrait of Modigliani by Paul
Alexandre (1913); the Gypsy (1915) by Delaunay and the San Sebastián painted by
El Greco three hundred years before; or that undisguised version of The
Adoration of the Name of Jesus that Max Beckmann titled in 1907 Study for the
Resurrection I.”
What the exposition shows and demonstrates – I invite
you to watch the video that can be found on the museum’s website – is that a
significant number of artists owed their inspiration to the work of the Cretan
master, with strikingly similar lines between the work itself and that which
was a source of inspiration. It is evident that all of those who were
influenced by El Greco created different cultural objects and that therefore,
no “copyright” would have corresponded to El Greco in making claims to the
artists who share the Museo del Prado exhibit.
The technology at the end of the 19th
century and beginning of the 20th century was substantially
different than current technology. It is difficult to know what Picasso,
Pollock, Chagall or so many others would have done with digital technology. It
seems to me that what these masters did with El Greco is what our generations
are doing with techniques that we know as “remixes” or “mash ups.” But, while
clearly the objects that are produced with these techniques are cultural
property distinct from those that form the basis of their creation, current
regulations that protect the “property” of the copyright without exceptions – such
as the case of the ancient law 11.723 of Argentina – make it so that those who
use them can be brought to trial to demand compensation for the “copying” or
“reproduction” of the work without authorization.
But there is not only reaction against those who
use protected works to create their own, but in addition requests to block
sites on the Internet are increasing based on the application of laws that
protect copyrights. It is for that reason that upon leaving the Museo del Prado,
I was left wondering how many Picassos, Pollocks or Chagalls could be falling
by the wayside today. In other words, it would not be good for those who admire
them today if these masters had not been able to access the works of El Greco
and feel his inspiration. And it is not good that, for present and future
generations, we could today be getting close to the creation of cultural goods thanks
to the application of laws that merit a fresh look and urgent modification.
*This article was originally written in Spanish. I thank Sophie Sadinsky, a PILA fellow at CELE, who helped in the translation into English.
Etiquetas:
access to culture,
copyright,
derecho a la cultura,
derechos de autor,
freedom of expression,
libertad de expresion
en Twitter @ebertoni. Eduardo Bertoni (Phd, Buenos Aires University) is currently the Representative of the Regional Office for South America of the Inter American Institute of Human Rights. He was the first Director of the Access to Public Information Agency (AAIP) wich is the Argentine Data Protection Authority. He was the founder and first Executive Director of the Center for Studies on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (CELE) at Palermo University School of Law, Argentina. Before returning to Argentina in 2009, he was the Executive Director of the Due Process of Law Foundation (DPLF) until May, 2006. Previously, he was the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights at the Organization of American States (2002-2005).
8/7/14
A propósito del bloqueo de The Pirate Bay: El Greco, derechos de autor y bienes culturales
No soy un
crítico de arte. Lejos de ello. Sólo un aficionado que gusta visitar museos o
galerías donde se cuelgan obras de artistas que me gustan o que desconozco. Por
ello, hallándome en Madrid, pasé por el Museo
del Prado, donde se exhibía la muestra "El
Greco & la Pintura Moderna". Muy posiblemente observé las pinturas
y atendí a las explicaciones atravesado por mis obsesiones académicas. Y, en
este caso, encontré una línea argumental directa entre lo que se mostraba y la
necesaria reformulación de las leyes que regulan los derechos de autor. Si con
esta introducción generé en usted, lector, alguna intuición sobre donde me
dirijo, recomiendo que siga leyendo esta breve nota.
Como anticipé
que no soy crítico de arte, y a fin de evitar cualquier mala descripción hecha
por un rudimentario observador, me valgo de la descripción que publicó
el diario El País de Madrid sobre la exposición, donde se lee que "El Greco no murió en Toledo en
1614, por más que digan los libros de Historia del Arte. Como el fantasma de
Elvis en las gasolineras de Tennessee, el espíritu del pintor cretense se dejó
ver guiando a Manet por las salas del Prado en aquel viaje iniciático a
Madrid de 1865; se sentó en las cervecerías de Munich para espolear medio siglo
después a los miembros del Jinete Azul; o compareció en el taller de Long
Island de Pollock justo para el momento fundacional del action
painting."
En la misma
nota del diario madrileño se explica algo que cualquiera que observe la muestra
puede constatar: "En ocasiones [...] la influencia es tan palpable que
se echa en falta uno de esos ingenios informáticos que permiten pasar de un
cuadro a otro descorriendo una cortinilla invisible: asombrosas son las parejas
formadas por El caballero de la mano en el pecho y un retrato de Modigliani de
Paul Alexandre (1913); el Gitano (1915) de Delaunay y el San
Sebastián pintado por el Greco trescientos años antes; o esa indisimulada
versión de Adoración del Nombre de Jesús que Max Beckmann tituló en
1907 Estudio para La Resurrección I."
Lo que la exposición
muestra y demuestra -invito a ver el video que se encuentra en el sitio del museo- es que una buena
cantidad de artistas concretaron su inspiración en la obra del maestro cretense
con trazos llamativamente similares entre la obra propia y la ajena que era
fuente de inspiración. Es evidente que todos aquellos influidos por El Greco
crearon objetos culturales diferentes y que por ello, ningún "derecho de
autor" le hubiera correspondido a El Greco como para reclamarle a los
artistas que comparten la muestra en Museo del Prado.
La tecnología
de finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX era sustancialmente diferente a la
actual. Es difícil saber que hubieran hecho Picasso, Pollock, Chagall, o tantos
otros con la tecnología digital. Me parece que lo que estos maestros hicieron
con El Greco, es lo que nuestras generaciones hacen con técnicas que conocemos
como "remix" o "mash up". Pero, aunque claramente los
objetos que se producen con estas técnicas son bienes culturales distintos a
los que son la base de su creación, las actuales regulaciones que protegen la
"propiedad" de los derechos de autor sin excepciones -como es el caso
de la vetusta ley 11.723 de Argentina- hacen que quienes las utilizan puedan
ser llevados a juicio para reclamar compensaciones por la "copia" o
"reproducción" de obras sin autorización.
en Twitter @ebertoni. Eduardo Bertoni (Phd, Buenos Aires University) is currently the Representative of the Regional Office for South America of the Inter American Institute of Human Rights. He was the first Director of the Access to Public Information Agency (AAIP) wich is the Argentine Data Protection Authority. He was the founder and first Executive Director of the Center for Studies on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (CELE) at Palermo University School of Law, Argentina. Before returning to Argentina in 2009, he was the Executive Director of the Due Process of Law Foundation (DPLF) until May, 2006. Previously, he was the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights at the Organization of American States (2002-2005).
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